Comparison with 比
比 comparison
比 (bǐ) is used to compare two things directly, stating that A is more [adjective] than B. It is the most common comparison structure in Mandarin.
Pattern
A 比 B + Adjective (+ Specific Amount)
Explanation
The 比 (bǐ) construction is the standard way to make comparisons in Chinese. The basic pattern is "A 比 B + Adjective," meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." Unlike English, you do NOT use a separate word for "more" — the adjective alone carries the comparative meaning after 比.
For example, "他比我高" (tā bǐ wǒ gāo) means "He is taller than me." Notice there is no 更 (gèng, "more") or any equivalent of the English "-er" suffix. The presence of 比 already signals the comparison.
You can also add a specific degree after the adjective. "他比我高五厘米" means "He is five centimeters taller than me." When negating a 比 comparison, do NOT say "A 不比 B + adjective" for simple comparisons — instead use "A 没有 B + adjective" to say "A is not as [adjective] as B." The form "A 不比 B + adjective" has a special nuance: it implies "A is not necessarily more [adjective] than B" and is used to dispute a claim.
One important rule: do NOT use 很 before the adjective in a 比 sentence. Saying "他比我很高" is incorrect. The 比 structure replaces the need for 很.
Examples
他比我高。
Tā bǐ wǒ gāo.
He is taller than me.
今天比昨天冷。
Jīntiān bǐ zuótiān lěng.
Today is colder than yesterday.
坐飞机比坐火车快。
Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài.
Flying is faster than taking the train.
她比我大两岁。
Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.
She is two years older than me.
Adding a specific amount after the adjective
这本书比那本书有意思。
Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn shū yǒu yìsi.
This book is more interesting than that book.
Common Mistakes
Wrong
他比我很高。
Correct
他比我高。
Do not use 很 in a 比 comparison. 比 already signals the comparative degree.
Wrong
他不比我高。(meaning: he is shorter)
Correct
他没有我高。
To simply say "A is not as [adj] as B," use 没有 instead of 不比. 不比 has a disputing nuance.
Wrong
他比我更高。
Correct
他比我高。
更 is redundant with 比 in most cases. Simply use the adjective directly after 比 B.
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